While lithium-ion batteries are generally safe, improper handling, damage, or manufacturing defects can lead to overheating and potential fires. In addition, poorly wired electrical systems plus lithium-ion battery devices can be a recipe for disaster. Knowing how to respond to a lithium-ion battery fire is crucial for ensuring your safety and that of others around you. 

Here, we’ll discuss effective methods for extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires and important safety tips to keep in mind.

Understanding Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Before delving into how to extinguish a lithium-ion battery fire, it’s essential to understand the nature of these fires. Lithium-ion batteries can catch fire when they experience:

• Overheating: High temperatures can cause the electrolyte inside the battery to ignite.

• Short-Circuiting: Internal short circuits can lead to rapid heat generation and potential explosions.

• Physical Damage: Dropping or puncturing a battery can cause damage to its cells, leading to thermal runaway—a chain reaction that causes overheating and fires.

Recognizing the risks associated with lithium-ion batteries can help you take preventive measures and respond effectively in case of a fire.

Immediate Response to a Lithium-Ion Battery Fire

If you encounter a lithium-ion battery fire, quick and decisive action is crucial. Here’s what you should do:

Evacuate the Area

• Prioritize Safety: Immediately evacuate everyone from the vicinity of the fire. Lithium-ion battery fires can produce toxic smoke and potentially lead to explosions.

• Call Emergency Services: Once you’re safely away from the fire, call your local fire department or emergency services to report the incident.

Assess the Fire

If it is safe to do so, quickly assess the size of the fire before taking any further action. If the fire is small and manageable, you may attempt to extinguish it. However, if it is large or spreading, prioritize evacuation and wait for professional help.

How to Extinguish a Lithium-Ion Battery Fire

If you decide to attempt extinguishing a lithium-ion battery fire, follow these steps:

Use the Right Fire Extinguisher

• Class D Fire Extinguishers: These extinguishers are specifically designed for fires involving combustible metals, including lithium. If you have access to a Class D fire extinguisher, it is the best option for extinguishing a lithium-ion battery fire.

• ABC Fire Extinguishers: In the absence of a Class D extinguisher, an ABC extinguisher can be used as a last resort. However, keep in mind that this will not be as effective, and it’s essential to aim the extinguisher at the base of the fire.

Apply the Extinguisher

• Stand Back: Maintain a safe distance from the fire while using the extinguisher. Lithium-ion battery fires can flare up suddenly.

• Aim and Squeeze: Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire and squeeze the handle, sweeping from side to side until the fire is out. Be prepared to retreat if the fire worsens.

Avoid Water

• Do Not Use Water: Never attempt to extinguish a lithium-ion battery fire with water. Water can react with lithium and cause the fire to spread or explode.

After the Fire

Once the fire has been extinguished, follow these steps to ensure your continued safety:

• Open Windows and Doors: Ventilate the area to disperse any toxic smoke or fumes produced during the fire. If possible, use fans to help circulate the air.

• Do Not Touch the Battery: After the fire is out, avoid handling the damaged battery, as it may still pose a risk of re-ignition or chemical exposure.

• Document the Incident: Take photos of the affected area and any damaged equipment for insurance and reporting purposes.

Preventing Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Taking preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of lithium-ion battery fires:

• Use Quality Batteries: Always purchase batteries from reputable manufacturers and avoid counterfeit products.

• Inspect Regularly: Regularly inspect your devices for any signs of damage or swelling in batteries. If you notice any issues, stop using the device immediately and seek professional help.

• Charge Safely: Never leave charging batteries unattended for extended periods. Use the appropriate charger and avoid overcharging.

• Store Properly: Store spare batteries in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and flammable materials.

Let Thomas Edison Electric Handle All Things Electrical!

At Thomas Edison Electric, we prioritize safety in all aspects of electrical work, including charging appliances that use lithium-ion batteries. If you have any concerns about your electrical systems or need professional assistance, contact us today!